Introduction Several hormones and neurotransmitters orchestrate men’s sexual response, including the appetitive (sexual desire) and consummative (arousal and penile erection) phases. Aim To provide an overview and recommendations regarding endocrinologic control of sexual desire and arousal and erec...

Aging is associated with a decline in several important health factors in men, including libido. Serum testosterone concentrations also decrease with age, and many age-related clinical features are closely associated with androgen deficiency, including erectile function (ED). Approximately 70% of ED...

Andropause affects many organ systems including the brain, heart, bones, muscle, adipose tissue, and blood vessels besides the sexual organs. The authors state that the prevalence of hypogonadism in aging males is not well established. There are many epidemiological studies that point towards a decl...

Purpose of review The purpose of this article is to examine the contemporary data linking testosterone therapy in overweight and obese men with testosterone deficiency to increased lean body mass, decreased fat mass, improvement in overall body composition and sustained weight loss. This is of param...

Rethinking the 300 ng/dL Cutoff for Testosterone Deficiency in Men 20-44 Years Old Abstract Purpose:  There is an age-related decline in male testosterone production. It is therefore surprising that young men are evaluated for testosterone deficiency with the same cutoff of 300 ng/dL that was develo...

Testosterone eliminates strategic prosocial behavior through impacting choice consistency in healthy males - A study by Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-023-01570-y Abstract Humans are strategically more prosocial when their actions are being watched by others than when they act alone...

Objective:  To determine the effect of enclomiphene citrate in men with secondary hypogonadism. Design:  Phase II clinical trial. Setting:  Community dwelling men making visits to physician offices. Patient(s):  Men with secondary hypogonadism. Intervention(s):  Oral administration of enclomiphene c...

This is the American Urological Association’s Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of low testosterone.   Some highlights include:   Patients should be informed that testosterone therapy may result in improvements in erectile function, low sex drive, anemia, bone mineral density, lean body mass, an...

This meta-analysis demonstrates a reduced cardiovascular risk with higher endogenous T concentration, improvement of known cardiovascular risk factors with TRT therapy, and reduced mortality in testosterone deficient men who underwent TRT replacement therapy versus untreated men. TRT improves myocar...

Purpose:  We evaluated the relative prevalence of secondary polycythemia in hypogonadal men treated with clomiphene citrate or testosterone replacement therapy. Materials and methods:  In this retrospective, multi-institutional study, we included 188 men who received clomiphene citrate and 175 who r...

Evidence suggests that testosterone replacement therapy does not support an increased risk.  This meta-analysis of TRT and prostate risk demonstrates a short-term increase in PSA and prostate volume.  However, there was no increased risk of prostate cancer or prostate-related events in patients on t...

In this prospective longitudinal study of 622 men on TRT: erectile function increased significantly, average weight loss was 23.6 ± 0.6 kg after 8 years, blood glucose readings improved and several patients with diabetes went into remission.  Cholesterol levels improved significantly and systolic bl...

How does Telemedicine compliance current work with the live rules, laws, and regulations evolving in healthcare today? Both the DEA and HHS extended telemedicine flexibilities for prescription of controlled substances until December 31, 2024 as of their statement released on September 29.   https:...

Viagra Lowers the Risk of Alzheimer’s by Almost 70%, Study Finds Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is expected to affect 16 million Americans by 2050. The hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Efforts to develop new drugs tha...

This review demonstrates there are benefits to treating older men with TRT to improve sexual function, increase lean muscle mass and strength, improve mood and cognitive function, and reduce frailty and osteoporosis. This article confirms that there is no evidence that TRT is associated with increas...

This meta-analysis of 58 research papers regarding TRT and heart health demonstrates that TRT is safe and is associated with prevention of CVD and strokes in hypogonadal men. These studies have have also demonstrated that normal T levels or the normalization of low T levels with testosterone replace...

This study compared traditional TRT with testosterone injections vs. alternative therapy with clomiphene to raise testosterone.  This study showed men treated with TRT showed significant increases in libido, erectile function, and sports performance over men taking clomiphene. Among the men who rece...

The European Male Aging Study has demonstrated that the hypogonadism of male aging is predominantly secondary. Theoretically with appropriate stimulation from the pituitary, the aging testis should be able to produce eugonadal levels of testosterone. The strategies for the treatment of late onset hy...

This review article compared different formulations of testosterone; gels, patches, and injection with different esters.  It found that patient satisfaction seems to be in favor of long-acting i.m. injections due to the low injection frequency with stable testosterone levels and no daily confrontati...

Introduction A rapid increase in awareness of androgen deficiency has led to substantial increases in prescribing of testosterone therapy (TTh), with the benefits of improvements in mood, libido, bone density, muscle mass, body composition, energy and cognition. However, TTh may be limited by its si...

The most frequently reported adverse reaction to testosterone replacement therapy is erythrocytosis, an abnormal elevation of hemoglobin (greater than 18.5 g/dL) or hematocrit (greater than 52%).  However, no studies to date have demonstrated a link between testosterone replacement therapy-induced e...

Sexual symptoms are the most specific determinants of low  testosterone  (T) observed during adulthood. In this narrative review, we summarize the most important evidence supporting the positive relationships between endogenous T levels and sexual activity in the adult male, by using preclinical and...

A definitive role of testosterone in erectile function has been controversial; however, recent evidence is becoming available which substantiates a key function for this hormone. Testosterone deficiency is associated with a decline in erectile function and testosterone levels are inversely correlate...

Purpose of Review Erectile dysfunction (ED) and decreased libido are common complaints in the older male population. Recent studies have elucidated the role testosterone therapy (TTh) can play in men with low testosterone levels. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these findings and...

Testosterone is a key hormone in the pathology of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Low testosterone levels are associated with increased fat mass (particularly central adiposity) and reduced lean mass in males. These morphological features are linked to metabolic dysfunction, and testosterone def...

Androgens are essential for the development of the penis and it is well known that testosterone play a critical role in the physiology of erectile function. From animal studies, testosterone insufficiency disrupts cellular-signaling pathways and induces pathologic alterations in penile tissues leadi...

Sex steroid hormones are known to be important regulators of the lipid and glucose metabolism. Lower levels of testosterone (T) or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been reported in men with type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, the relationship between relative hypogonadism and metabolic syndr...

Men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) often have low testosterone levels. Elevating low testosterone levels may improve features of the MetS and glycemic control. In a single blind, 52-week randomized clinical trial, the effects of supervised diet and exercise (D&E) with o...